diarrhea

Adenovirus

Adenoviruses, of which there are over 50, can cause a variety of illnesses ranging from mild respiratory disease, to very painful eye infections, diarrheal illnesses, rashes, and even life-threatening infections in those who are immune compromised. The number of cases of Adenovirus infection are not regularly tracked since many cases will go undiagnosed, but these infections are considered to be very common throughout the life span, although they may be more common in younger people as they would be less likely to have prior exposure and any level of immunity. Adenovirus infections cause significant lost days of work and school and are certainly an infection worth preventing.

Coronavirus

Coronavirus refers to a relatively small group of viruses that were first identified in the 1960s from the respiratory tracts of humans.  Over the course of time, it was recognized that coronavirus infection is quite common in humans, as well as in some other animals, although those viruses do not always have the ability to …

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Vibrio

Vibrio is a genus of bacteria that includes several species that are important causes of human disease. The most infamous of these diseases is caused by Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera. Other significant species causing illness in humans are Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Globally, these infections sicken many people and are sometimes fatal.

Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus is the genus name of a very large group of closely related bacteria, some of which are commonly found on and in the human body, and some of these bacteria are notorious causes of infection and disease. Among the most common of these bacteria that are capable of causing disease are Staphylococcus aureus and …

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Shigella

Shigella is a genus group of bacteria that contains four species, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei.  While these are frequently referred to as “species,” it is probably more scientifically correct to refer to them as biotypes of Escherichia, but because of the important medical differences between infections with Shigella versus most …

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Salmonella

Salmonella is the genus name of a large group of bacteria which however contains only two distinct species.  Unlike many bacterial genus groups the distinctions among the many, at last count 2,501, individually recognized types of Salmonella are not species but instead are known as serovars, or serological variants.  These variants are recognized by differing …

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Listeria

Listeria monocytogenes is one specific genus and species pair of bacteria.  There are five additional species within the Listeria genus, but only one of these, L. ivanovii, in addition to L. monocytogenes, is considered to be a pathogen, or capable of causing disease.  L. ivanovii is not nearly as common an infection however and it …

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Escherichia

Escherichia Basics Escherichia is the genus name of a group of bacteria that contains at least 7 different species, although by far the most well-known and well-studied is clearly Escherichia coli (E. coli).  Because E. coli is so common in the environment and in humans, as well as in other animals and because it is …

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Campylobacter

Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria which contains numerous species, at least 7 of which have been shown to infect and cause disease in humans.  These bacteria may also infect animals such as cattle, sheep, pigs, birds, and domestic pets such as cats and dogs.  Unlike many bacteria, and indeed most of the bacteria found …

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